Direct fiscal democracy is a system where citizens have direct, institutionalized power over key fiscal decisions. Through tools such as referendums and popular initiatives, the public can approve, reject, or propose policies on taxation, government spending, and public debt. For example, in Switzerland, voters have repeatedly rejected tax increases, large infrastructure spending, and public debt expansions through referendums. Representative fiscal democracy, by contrast, delegates fiscal authority to elected representatives. Citizens influence economic policy indirectly through elections, while parliaments and governments design, negotiate, and pass budgets, taxes, and spending programs. For example, in USA, the national budget, subsidy policies, and tax reforms are decided by the government and house of representatives without direct public voting.